Fino – this is the driest style of sherry. Palomino grapes are fermented dry, then fortified to 15.5% and put into barrel, not quite full, so a layer of flor, a white yeast cover, can develop over the top and stop all oxidation. The flor also eats up any remaining sugar, hence a Fino is bone dry.
Manzanilla – very much like Fino, but it comes from a specific location. Manzanilla may only come from Sanlucar de Barrameda, a town just that bit nearer the Atlantic, so the ocean has more of an influence on its flavour as it ages in the cellar.
Amontillado – this starts life like a Fino. Palomino fermented dry and fortified to 15.5% and put into barrel for 3-4 years to develop flor. Then, if the winemaker decides it should be an Amontillado, they fortify it to 18° (so the flor dies) and leave it to age in barrel for longer. The wine takes on a richer amber hue and a whole different spectrum of rich flavours.
Oloroso – nearly always dry in style and made all from Palomino grapes, using the second pressing juice, fermented dry, then fortified to 18°, put into barrel five sixths full, so it is open to oxidation, then left to mature for between 3 and 40 years.
Palo Cortado – a sherry of great complexity, this starts off as a Fino, aged in barrel, but for whatever reason, the white layer of flor dies off, leaving the wine exposed to the air. It continues to mature there in barrel, gaining an array of gorgeous, intriguing flavours.
Cream – a blend of Oloroso sweetened with other wines such as Pedro Ximénez or Amontillado.
Pedro Ximénez – created by sun-drying Pedro Ximénez grapes to concentrate the sugars before fermentation, then ageing with no flor on top, like you would an Oloroso.